This presentation summarized the first day of the conference, discussed implications, and facilitated questions from the participants to the speakers. An examination of clinical trial research fails to provide the proof of efficacy and safety so often cited in professional and lay press. A risk/benefit analysis suggests that psychosocial options be considered first, based on patient preferences. It is time to reject prescriptive practices that do not follow the evidence and increasingly put children at perilous risk, especially the poor, for serious health consequences, dependence and disability.